Rabu, 17 November 2010
schizoid
Diagnostic Features:
Schizoid Personality Disorder is a condition characterized by excessive detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings. This disorder is only diagnosed when these behaviors become persistent and very disabling or distressing. This disorder should not be diagnosed if the distrust and suspiciousness occurs exclusively during the course of Schizophrenia, a Mood Disorder With Psychotic Features, or another Psychotic Disorder or if it is due to the direct physiological effects of a neurological (e.g., temporal lobe epilepsy) or other general medical condition.
Complications:
Individuals with this disorder may have particular difficulty expressing anger, which contributes to the impression that they lack emotion. Their lives sometimes seem directionless, and they appear to ?drift? in their goals. These individuals often react passively to adversity and have difficulty responding appropriately to important life events. Because of their lack of social skills and lack of desire for sexual experiences, individuals with this disorder have few friendships and often do not marry. Occupational functioning may be impaired, particularly if interpersonal involvement is required, but individuals with this disorder may do well when they work under conditions of social isolation.
Comorbidity:
In response to stress, individuals with this disorder may experience very brief psychotic episodes (lasting minutes to hours). If the psychotic episode lasts longer, this disorder may actually develop into Delusional Disorder or Schizophrenia. Individuals with this disorder are at increased risk for Major Depressive Disorder. Other Personality Disorders (especially Schizotypal, Schizoid, and Avoidant) often co-occur with this disorder.
Associated Laboratory Findings:
No laboratory test has been found to be diagnostic of this disorder.
Prevalence:
Schizoid Personality Disorder is uncommon in clinical settings. This disorder occurs slightly more commonly in males.
Course:
This disorder may be first apparent in childhood and adolescence with solitariness, poor peer relationships, underachievement in school, which may attract teasing from their peers. The course of this disorder is chronic.
Familial Pattern:
This disorder is more common among first-degree biological relatives of those with Schizophrenia or Schizotypal Personality Disorder.
Schizoid Personality Disorder is a condition characterized by excessive detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings. This disorder is only diagnosed when these behaviors become persistent and very disabling or distressing. This disorder should not be diagnosed if the distrust and suspiciousness occurs exclusively during the course of Schizophrenia, a Mood Disorder With Psychotic Features, or another Psychotic Disorder or if it is due to the direct physiological effects of a neurological (e.g., temporal lobe epilepsy) or other general medical condition.
Complications:
Individuals with this disorder may have particular difficulty expressing anger, which contributes to the impression that they lack emotion. Their lives sometimes seem directionless, and they appear to ?drift? in their goals. These individuals often react passively to adversity and have difficulty responding appropriately to important life events. Because of their lack of social skills and lack of desire for sexual experiences, individuals with this disorder have few friendships and often do not marry. Occupational functioning may be impaired, particularly if interpersonal involvement is required, but individuals with this disorder may do well when they work under conditions of social isolation.
Comorbidity:
In response to stress, individuals with this disorder may experience very brief psychotic episodes (lasting minutes to hours). If the psychotic episode lasts longer, this disorder may actually develop into Delusional Disorder or Schizophrenia. Individuals with this disorder are at increased risk for Major Depressive Disorder. Other Personality Disorders (especially Schizotypal, Schizoid, and Avoidant) often co-occur with this disorder.
Associated Laboratory Findings:
No laboratory test has been found to be diagnostic of this disorder.
Prevalence:
Schizoid Personality Disorder is uncommon in clinical settings. This disorder occurs slightly more commonly in males.
Course:
This disorder may be first apparent in childhood and adolescence with solitariness, poor peer relationships, underachievement in school, which may attract teasing from their peers. The course of this disorder is chronic.
Familial Pattern:
This disorder is more common among first-degree biological relatives of those with Schizophrenia or Schizotypal Personality Disorder.
robot anti pembohong
Suatu hari seorang ayah dengan girang membeli sebuah Robot yang canggih dalam mendeteksi kebohongan. Dia langsung tidak sabar ingin menguji keampuhan robotnya itu. Malam pun datang, sang anak pulang jam 11 malam. Di ruang tamu sang ayah sudah menanti bersama sang robot.
Ayah : Kamu dari mana Nak?
Anak : Belajar, Yah...
Kontan sang Robot pun menampar sang anak.
Ayah :Jangan bohong nak! Robot ini akan menamparmu tiap kali kamu berbohong. Ayo jawab yg benar, kamu dari mana?!
Anak : Nonton Yah di rumah temen...
Ayah : film apa?
Anak : film perang...
PLAK! Si anak kena tampar sekali lagi oleh robot.
Ayah : ayo yang jujur!
Anak : aku nonton film porno Yah
Ayah : ha... dasar kamu! Kamu tahu, waktu Ayah seumuran kamu, Ayah belum pernah nonton film porno...
PLAK! Sekarang giliran si ayah yang kena tampar robot. Mendengar suara ribut-ribut di ruang tamu, sang Ibu keluar dan melihat wajah anaknya merah lebam habis kena tampar robot.
Ibu : Ayah! Jangan keterlaluan gitu dong! Biarpun begitu dia kan anak darah daging mu!
PLAK! kali ini sang Ibu yang kena tampar robot.
Ayah : Kamu dari mana Nak?
Anak : Belajar, Yah...
Kontan sang Robot pun menampar sang anak.
Ayah :Jangan bohong nak! Robot ini akan menamparmu tiap kali kamu berbohong. Ayo jawab yg benar, kamu dari mana?!
Anak : Nonton Yah di rumah temen...
Ayah : film apa?
Anak : film perang...
PLAK! Si anak kena tampar sekali lagi oleh robot.
Ayah : ayo yang jujur!
Anak : aku nonton film porno Yah
Ayah : ha... dasar kamu! Kamu tahu, waktu Ayah seumuran kamu, Ayah belum pernah nonton film porno...
PLAK! Sekarang giliran si ayah yang kena tampar robot. Mendengar suara ribut-ribut di ruang tamu, sang Ibu keluar dan melihat wajah anaknya merah lebam habis kena tampar robot.
Ibu : Ayah! Jangan keterlaluan gitu dong! Biarpun begitu dia kan anak darah daging mu!
PLAK! kali ini sang Ibu yang kena tampar robot.
Senin, 15 November 2010
sepi
sepi adalah lapisan akhir dari suatu kondisi manusia. kita arahkan semua usaha kita untuk menghapus kesepian. merasakan kesendirian mempunyai arti ganda, di satu pihak, menyadari diri kita, dan dilain pihak, ingin membuang diri kita. kesepian yang juga merupakan siatusi dari kehidupan kita, muncul sebagai sebuah ujian dan sebuah penyaringan, yang pada akhirnya penderitaan dan kegelisahan akan lenyap. kesempurnaan dan pertemuan yang merupakan ketenangan dan kebahagiaan serta pendamaian kembali dengan dunia, menunggu kita di akhir labirin kesepian.
perumpamaan Schopenhauer
para ahli psikoanalisa mengatakan bahwa hampir pada semua tataran hubungan antara dua individu- perkawinan, persahabatan, hubungan cinta antara dua orang anak- tertoreh beban perasaan memusuhi, yang hanya dapat dihilangkan dengan proses penekanan. fenomena ini akan terlihat dengan jelas pada pasangan yang tak henti-hentinya bertengkar atau bawahan yang tak henti-hentinya mengeluhkan sikap majikannya. apabila rasa memusuhi ditujukan kepada orang yang dicintai, kita menyebutnya perhatian yang mendua. dan kita akan mencoba menghilangkannya lewat bermacam-macam dalih yang dapat disodorkan, ketika minat mulai membelok ke arah kebencian dan kekerasan yang menjadikan perasaan manusia yang paling mendasar. (Sigmund Freud, Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse)
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